ISLAMABAD, Pakistan: A training manual for members of Osama bin Laden's terror network lists
skyscrapers, nuclear plants and crowded sports stadiums as the best targets for spreading fear
in the United States and Europe. The chapter on foreign operations in the 11-volume Manual of
Afghan Jihad also recommends targeting sites of "sentimental value" such as the Statue of
Liberty, Big Ben and the Eiffel Tower. Such landmarks, the two-page chapter noted, would
generate intense publicity with minimal casualties.

It also suggests attacks on Jewish organisations and large gatherings of Jews to cause as many
deaths as possible, as well as the assassination of prominent figures in Arab nations.

The FBI has "moved heaven and Earth" to intensify security for Sunday's Super Bowl game in New
Orleans and next month's Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, director Robert Mueller said.

The nation should remain on a "very high state of alert ... for some time," Mueller said,
adding that there could be al-Qaeda operatives hidden in the United States. "Do I know for
sure? I believe there are, but I cannot say for sure," he said yesterday.

Defence Secretary Donald Rumsfeld and other US officials have repeated calls for vigilance in
recent days, warning that large terror attacks could still take place. Documents found in
Afghanistan have included diagrams of American nuclear power plants, intelligence officials
have said.

The two-page chapter on foreign operations was found as The Associated Press conducted an
exhaustive translation of the 5,000-page manual.

The manual was produced in Arabic by al-Qaeda's training department before the September 11
terror attacks in the United States.

It was obtained by the AP from a former Afghan resistance fighter, who got it from a
disaffected al-Qaeda member in Afghanistan.

"There must be plans in place for hitting buildings with high human intensity like
skyscrapers, ports, airports, nuclear power plants and places where large numbers of people
gather like football grounds," the chapter said. It also recommended major public gatherings
such as Christmas celebrations.

The manual said special units should work in areas with large Jewish communities. "In every
country, we should hit their organisations, institutions, clubs and hospitals," it reads.

"The targets must be identified, carefully chosen and include their largest gatherings so that
any strike should cause thousands of deaths."

"As for Arab nations, operations should expand to include the assassination of influential and
effective personalities," it said.

Bin Laden, a Saudi exile, opposes Saudi Arabia's rulers for allowing US troops to be based in
the country. Also, Egyptian Islamic militants who are now part of al-Qaeda have killed or
tried to kill several politicians and intellectuals in Egypt in their lengthy campaign to
overthrow that country's government.

The chapter, entitled External Pressure, reads like a blueprint for the September 11 attacks,
in which four hijacked airliners crashed into the World Trade Centre towers, the Pentagon and
a field in Pennsylvania.

US officials believe the plane that crashed in Pennsylvania was to have struck a target in
Washington, DC, but crashed after passengers and crew members fought the hijackers.

"The strikes must be strong and have a wide impact on the population of that nation," the
essay said. "Four targets must be simultaneously hit in any of those nations so that the
government there knows that we are serious."

The chapter did not elaborate on ways to attack the targets, nor did it give any indication
that specific operations were in the works.

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission last week alerted nuclear power plants that terrorists may
be planning an attack on a reactor using a hijacked airliner.

The alert said an al-Qaeda operative claimed "the attack was already planned." However, an FBI
official said yesterday that the information, after being evaluated, was deemed not credible.

The Manual of Afghan Jihad was dedicated to bin Laden and Abdullah Azzam, a prominent
Palestinian killed during the 1979-89 Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. The writing style
strongly suggests that it was written by an Egyptian.

Several members of bin Laden's inner circle in al-Qaeda are known to be Egyptians. The 19
known hijackers on September 11 were believed to have been led by an Egyptian, Mohammed Atta.

In other chapters, the manual offers advice on how to raise funds for covert operations
through extortion, blackmail and kidnappings for ransom.

To cover the high cost of maintaining a cell, it advises creating a business to generate a
regular income.

Members of a cell in a country where an attack is planned shouldn't exceed seven and mustn't
know each other. Only the leader of the operation should know them, it says.

Another chapter details the punishment reserved for members found to have betrayed colleagues
to authorities or stolen money from the group.

"A senior member who betrays his brothers to the regime where they live should be punished in
such a way that he would desire death for the rest of his days," says the manual. "But if a
brother is killed as a result of his betrayal, then he must be killed to make an example of
him."

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